Footnotes
Volume 2 is nearly identical to the 1845 minute book of Nauvoo’s Mercantile and Mechanical Association, kept by Hosea Stout. They are the same shape and size, with the same red leather bindings and even the same tooling on the covers and spines. (Mercantile and Mechanical Association of Nauvoo Minute Book, Jan.–Mar. 1845, CHL.)
Mercantile and Mechanical Association of Nauvoo Minute Book, Jan.–Mar. 1845. CHL.
Minutes, 5 Apr. 1882, Council of Fifty, Papers, 1845–1883, CHL.
Council of Fifty. Papers, 1845–1883. CHL.
Minutes, 24 June 1882, Council of Fifty, Papers, 1844–1885, CHL.
Council of Fifty. Papers, 1844–1885. CHL.
Franklin D. Richards, Journal, 20 Mar. 1884.
Richards, Franklin D. Journals, 1844–1899. Richards Family Collection, 1837–1961. CHL. MS 1215, boxes 1–5.
Van Orden, “Close to the Seat of Authority,” 16–18.
Van Orden, Bruce A. “Close to the Seat of Authority: Secretaries and Clerks in the Office of the President of the LDS Church, 1870–1900.” Unpublished paper. Salt Lake City, 1988. Copy at CHL.
Minutes, 23 Jan. 1867, Council of Fifty, Papers, 1845–1883, CHL.
Council of Fifty. Papers, 1845–1883. CHL.
The pagination is as follows: volume 1: title page, 1–93, 93–156, 147–310, 309–372; volume 2: title page, 1–68, [69]–[70], 69–76, [77]–[78], 77–78, [79]–[80], 79–96, 96½, [?], 97–108, [109]–[110], 109–140, [141]–[142], 141–152, 152½, 152¾, 153–170, 170½, 170¾, 171–184, [185]–[186], 185–186, [187]–[188], 187–188, 188½, 188¾, 189–212, [213]–[214], 213–238, [239]–[240], 239–352, [note on verso of back flyleaf]; volume 3: title page, [1], 2–113.
See, for example, page [260] in volume 1.
Clayton, Journal, 13 Mar. 1844.
Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.
Clayton, Journal, 22 June 1844; see also Clayton, Journal, 3 July 1844.
Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.
Clayton, Journal, 18 Aug. 1844; 6 Sept. 1844; 6, 11, and 12 Feb. 1845; 6, 7, 12–15, 17, 19–20, 24, and 27 Mar. 1845; 1–2, 16, 17, 21, 22, 24, and 28 Apr. 1845; 11 and 30 Sept. 1845; 5 Oct. 1845.
Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.
Clayton, Journal, 5 Oct. 1845.
Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.
See Clayton, Journal, Apr. 1845–Jan. 1846.
Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.
See “Schedule of Church Records. Nauvoo 1846,” Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL; see also “Inventory. Historian’s Office. 4th April 1855,” Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL.
Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.
Clayton, Diary, 14 Apr. 1847.
Clayton, William. Diary, Jan.–Dec. 1847. CHL.
Woodruff, Journal, 26 Nov. 1857; see also Woodruff, Journal, 27 Nov. and 18 Dec. 1857; Historian’s Office, Brigham Young History Drafts, 1–100; and “History of Brigham Young,” published serially in the Salt Lake City Deseret News from 17 Jan. to 24 Mar. 1858.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
Historian’s Office. Brigham Young History Drafts, 1856–1858. CHL. CR 100 475, box 1, fd. 5.
Deseret News. Salt Lake City. 1850–.
“Historian’s Office Catalogue Book March 1858,” [25]; “Contents of the Historian and Recorder’s Office. G. S. L. City July 1858,” 5; “March 24, 1859 Books Deposited,” Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL.
Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.
Woodruff, Journal, 26 Feb. 1862; “Historian’s Office Catalogue Book March 1858,” [25], Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL; Brigham Young, Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, to Thomas Bullock, 25 Feb. 1862, Brigham Young Office Files, CHL.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.
Brigham Young Office Files, 1832–1878. CHL. CR 1234 1.
JS History, 1838–1856, Index, Apr. 1845.
JS History / Smith, Joseph, et al. History, 1838–1856. Vols. A-1–F-1 (original), A-2–E-2 (fair copy). Historian’s Office, History of the Church, 1839–ca. 1882. CHL. CR 100 102, boxes 1–7. The history for the period after 5 Aug. 1838 was composed after the death of Joseph Smith.
Minutes, 23 Jan. 1867, Council of Fifty, Papers, 1845–1883, CHL.
Council of Fifty. Papers, 1845–1883. CHL.
Franklin D. Richards, Journal, 3 Mar. 1880.
Richards, Franklin D. Journals, 1844–1899. Richards Family Collection, 1837–1961. CHL. MS 1215, boxes 1–5.
L. John Nuttall, Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, to George Q. Cannon, Washington DC, 3 Mar. 1880, in Letterbook 1, p. 168, L. John Nuttall Papers, BYU; “Diary of L. John Nuttall,” 14 June 1879; Franklin D. Richards, Journal, 16 Mar. 1880.
L. John Nuttall. Papers, 1857–1904. BYU.
“Diary of L. John Nuttall, (1834–1905) Dec. 1876–Mar. 1884.” Typescript, 1948. CHL.
Richards, Franklin D. Journals, 1844–1899. Richards Family Collection, 1837–1961. CHL. MS 1215, boxes 1–5.
“Diary of L. John Nuttall,” 29 Mar. 1880.
“Diary of L. John Nuttall, (1834–1905) Dec. 1876–Mar. 1884.” Typescript, 1948. CHL.
Franklin D. Richards, Journal, 20 Mar. 1884.
Richards, Franklin D. Journals, 1844–1899. Richards Family Collection, 1837–1961. CHL. MS 1215, boxes 1–5.
See Minutes, 4 Feb. 1885, Council of Fifty, Papers, 1844–1885, CHL.
Council of Fifty. Papers, 1844–1885. CHL.
Correspondence, 13 Oct. 2014, in Case File for Council of Fifty, Papers, 1844–1885, CHL; see also “Elder Joseph Anderson Eulogized,” 105.
Council of Fifty. Papers, 1844–1885. CHL.
“Elder Joseph Anderson Eulogized.” Ensign, May 1992, 105.
Grant, Journal, 3 Jan. 1932. Much of this custodial history is taken from Andrew F. Ehat to Bruce R. McConkie, “Verification of the ‘Last Charge’ by Reference to the Original Records of the ‘Kingdom of God,’” Appendix E: “A Chronology of the Records of the Kingdom of God”; and Ehat, “Joseph Smith’s Council of Fifty: Quest for Empire or Quest for Refuge?”
Grant, Heber J. Journal. Heber J. Grant, Collection, 1852–1945. CHL.
Ehat, Andrew F. “A Chronology of the Records of the Kingdom of God.” Unpublished paper. Copy in editors’ possession.
Ehat, Andrew F. “Joseph Smith’s Council of Fifty: Quest for Empire or Quest for Refuge?” Unpublished paper. 7 Apr. 1980. Copy in editors’ possession.
On 17 March 1981 the First Presidency met with Elder Gordon B. Hinckley, a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, and others to discuss the purported JS blessing to his son Joseph Smith III—which turned out to be a Mark Hofmann forgery. The First Presidency granted Elder Hinckley access to records in their vault that might shed light on the document. Later that day, the First Presidency’s secretary lent the Nauvoo Council of Fifty record to Elder Hinckley. (Turley, Victims, 52–53, 349; Francis M. Gibbons to Gordon B. Hinckley, 17 Mar. 1981, in Case File for Council of Fifty, Papers, 1844–1885, CHL; see also Arrington, Diary, 17 and 23 Mar. 1981.)
Turley, Richard E., Jr. Victims: The LDS Church and the Mark Hofmann Case. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992.
Council of Fifty. Papers, 1844–1885. CHL.
Arrington, Leonard J. Diary, Nov. 1980–Apr. 1981. Leonard J. Arrington, Papers, 1839–1999. Special Collections and Archives, Merrill-Cazier Library, Utah State University, Logan.
Letter of Transfer, Salt Lake City, UT, 15 Nov. 2010, CHL.
Letter of Transfer, Salt Lake City, UT, 15 Nov. 2010. CHL.
Footnotes
See Minute Book 1; Minute Book 2; Nauvoo High Council Minutes; and Nauvoo City Council Minute Book.
Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 1839–1845. CHL. LR 3102 22.
Council of Fifty, “Record,” 10 Mar. 1844.
Clayton, Journal, 13 Mar. 1844. According to Clayton’s journal, Richards’s appointment was not made until 13 March 1844; however, Clayton’s reconstructed minutes in the Council of Fifty record book date the appointment to 11 March, when the council was formally organized. (Council of Fifty, “Record,” 11 Mar. 1844.)
Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.
See, for example, Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Minutes, 31 Aug. 1841; and the two 10 March 1844 letters from the Wisconsin pinery, which were addressed to Richards as “clerk” of the Quorum of the Twelve. (Council of Fifty, “Record,” 10 Mar. 1844.)
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Minutes, 1840–1844. CHL.
JS, Journal, 30 July 1843; Nauvoo City Council Minute Book, 12 Aug. 1843, 186; JS, Journal, 13 Dec. 1841.
JS, Journal, 21 Dec. 1842. In the Council of Fifty, Richards was almost invariably chosen for the committees responsible for drafting documents on behalf of the council and regularly signed or countersigned letters from the council as “clerk” or “secretary.” (See, for example, Council of Fifty, “Record,” 13 May 1844 and 27 Feb. 1845.)
Allen, No Toil nor Labor Fear, 1; Clayton, History of the Nauvoo Temple, 18, 30–31; see also JS, Journal, 29 June 1842.
Allen, James B. No Toil nor Labor Fear: The Story of William Clayton. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press, 2002.
Clayton, William. History of the Nauvoo Temple, ca. 1845. CHL. MS 3365.
Nauvoo City Council Minute Book, 9 Sept. 1842, 101; Nauvoo Masonic Lodge Minute Book, 10 Nov. 1842.
Nauvoo Masonic Lodge Minute Book. / “Record of Na[u]voo Lodge Under Dispensation,” 1842–1846. CHL. MS 3436
See, for example, Historian’s Office, General Church Minutes, 6–7 Apr. and 3–5 July 1843.
See, for example, Minutes, 6 Apr. 1838, in Elders’ Journal, July 1838, 47; and Minute Book 1, 17 Sept. 1837.
“Rules of Order of the City Council,” 22 Jan. 1842, Nauvoo, IL, Records, CHL.
Nauvoo, IL. Records, 1841–1845. CHL. MS 16800.
See, for example, Council of Fifty, “Record,” 4, 11, and 18 Mar. 1845; 13 Jan. 1846.
Council of Fifty, “Record,” 11 Apr. 1845.
Council of Fifty, “Record,” 14 Mar. 1844.
Council of Fifty, “Record,” 1, 4, 11, and 18 Mar. 1845.
Council of Fifty, “Record,” 5 Apr. 1844; 3, 6, and 13 May 1844.
Council of Fifty, “Record,” 27 Feb. 1845; Council of Fifty, Minutes, 27 Feb. 1845.
Council of Fifty, “Record,” 4 Mar. 1845; see also Council of Fifty, “Record,” 13 May 1844.
See Minutes, 25–26 Dec. 1846, Council of Fifty, Papers, 1844–1885, CHL.
Council of Fifty. Papers, 1844–1885. CHL.
Compare, for example, Clayton’s rough minutes with his fair minutes for 3 March 1849 in Council of Fifty, Papers, 1844–1885, CHL.
Council of Fifty. Papers, 1844–1885. CHL.
Council of Fifty, “Record,” 13 Jan. 1846; Council of Fifty, Minutes, [13 Jan. 1846], CHL.
Clayton, Journal, 22–23 June 1844; Events of June 1844.
Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.
Council of Fifty, “Record,” 4 Feb. 1845; Almon Babbitt, Macedonia, IL, to JS et al., Nauvoo, IL, 5 May 1844, Council of Fifty, Papers, 1844–1885, CHL.
Clayton, Journal, 3 July 1844.
Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.
Clayton, Journal, 15 Aug. 1844.
Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.
Clayton, Journal, 18 Aug. and 6 Sept. 1844.
Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.
Clayton’s reconstructed record of council meetings for 10 to 14 March appears to be heavily dependent on his journal entries for those days. In some entries, text from his journal was copied verbatim or paraphrased, while meetings of the council that Clayton did not record in his journal were not captured in the record book. Clayton may have been referring to his composition of these entries when he wrote on 20 September that he spent part of the day “writing minutes of Council of fifty.” By contrast, his journal entries of 18 August and 6 September, which apparently corresponded with his transcribing of the letters from Miller and Wight, instead note that he was “copying” the record—as do so many later journal entries that correspond with his copying of minutes. (Clayton, Journal, 10–14 Mar. 1844; 18 Aug. 1844; 6 and 20 Sept. 1844, italics added; Council of Fifty, “Record,” 10–14 Mar. 1844.)
Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.
See, for example, Council of Fifty, “Record,” 11 and 14 Mar. 1844.
Clayton, Journal, 6, 11, and 12 Feb. 1845.
Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.
Council of Fifty, “Record,” 1 Mar. 1845.
Although the rough and fair copies of Clayton’s Utah-era minutes survive, the fair copies are still not as polished as the Nauvoo-era record and contain clerical marks suggesting that they served as an intermediary copy between the rough minutes and a nonextant record book copy. (See, for example, Clayton’s rough and fair minutes for 3 March 1849 in Council of Fifty, Papers, 1844–1885, CHL.)
Council of Fifty. Papers, 1844–1885. CHL.
Clayton, Journal, 6–7, 12–15, 17, 19–20, 24, and 27–28 Mar. 1845; 1–2, 16–17, 21–22, 24, and 28 Apr. 1845.
Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.
Clayton, Journal, 10 Mar. 1845.
Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.
Clayton, Journal, 17 Apr. 1845.
Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.
Clayton did not record spending any days copying minutes during this period. When he copied the 10 May 1845 minutes he listed George D. Grant as present, possibly anachronistically since Grant did not join the council until 8 September. The inclusion of Grant in the 10 May minutes suggests that the minutes may have been copied into the record book sometime after Grant joined the council. (Council of Fifty, “Record,” 10 May 1845.)
Clayton, Journal, 11 and 30 Sept. 1845; 5 Oct. 1845.
Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.
On 5 October, Clayton recorded filling “43 pages of a small record like this [his journal].” The 4 October minutes in the record book cover forty-three pages. (Clayton, Journal, 5 Oct. 1845; Council of Fifty, “Record,” 4 Oct. 1845.)
Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.
The two 1845–1846 exceptions are the impromptu 27 February 1845 meeting of the Twelve and other council members, which Clayton did not attend, and the 13 January 1846 meeting, which was attended by the council and the captains of the emigrating companies. (Council of Fifty, “Record,” 27 Feb. 1845 and 13 Jan. 1846.)
Council of Fifty, “Record,” 4 Feb. 1845.
Council of Fifty, “Record,” 4 Mar. 1845.
Council of Fifty, “Record,” 11 and 18 Mar. 1845.
Clayton, Diary, 14 Apr. 1847; see also Source Note for Council of Fifty, “Record.”
Clayton, William. Diary, Jan.–Dec. 1847. CHL.
See, for example, Kimball, Journal, Dec. 1845–Jan. 1846; Clayton, Journal, 10 Dec. 1845; 21–23 and 25 Jan. 1846; and Council of Fifty, Minutes, 19 Jan. 1846.
Kimball, Heber C. Journal, Nov. 1845–Jan. 1846. CHL.
Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.
Clayton, Diary, 27 Feb. 1846.
Clayton, William. Diary, Jan.–Nov. 1846. CHL.
An earlier JS revelation elaborated on the description in Isaiah of Lucifer being cut down for pride by identifying him as “an angel of God who was in authority in the presence of God who rebelled against the only begotten son whom the father loved . . . and was thrust down from the presence of God and the son and was called perdition for the heavens wept over him for he was Lucifer even the son of the morning and we beheld and lo he is fallen is fallen even the son of the morning.” This idea of Lucifer falling from the presence of God was repeated in the Book of Abraham, published in 1842. (Isaiah 14:12–15; Vision, 16 Feb. 1832 [D&C 76:25–27]; “The Book of Abraham,” Times and Seasons, 15 Mar. 1842, 3:720 [Abraham 3:27–28]; see also Luke 10:18; and Revelation 12:7–9.)
Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.
Two years earlier, on 28 April 1842, JS told the Female Relief Society of Nauvoo “of the difficulties he had to surmount ever since the commencement of the work in consequence of aspiring men, ‘great big Elders’ as he called them, who had caused him much trouble, whom he had taught in the private counsel; and they would go forth into the world and ploclaim [proclaim] the things he had taught them; as their own revelations.” (Relief Society Minute Book, 28 Apr. 1842; see also JS et al., Liberty, MO, to Edward Partridge and the Church, Quincy, IL, 22 Mar. 1839, in Revelations Collection, CHL [D&C 121:34–40].)
This Latin phrase appeared in English literature from the fifteenth century. Americans of JS’s era generally understood the phrase to mean that in a democratic society, the voice of the people equaled the voice of God—meaning, the popular will is the ultimate law. (“Vox,” in Oxford English Dictionary, 12:322; see, for example, Daniel Dunklin, Jefferson City, MO, to William W. Phelps et al., Liberty, MO, 18 July 1836, William W. Phelps, Collection of Missouri Documents, CHL; see also Lund, “Vox Populi Is the Vox Dei: American Localism and the Mormon Expulsion from Jackson County, Missouri,” 98–101.)
The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. Edited by J. A. Simpson and E. S. C. Weiner. 20 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.
Phelps, William W. Collection of Missouri Documents, 1833–1837. CHL. MS 657.
Lund, Matthew. “The Vox Populi Is the Vox Dei: American Localism and the Mormon Expulsion from Jackson County, Missouri.” Master’s thesis, Utah State University, 2012.